Consequences

The velocity variations have three slightly different origins

• the diurnal variation due to the earth rotation. The maximum value is $\delta V = 0.90$ $km.s^{-1}$ in 12 hours.
• the yearly variation due to earth orbital motion. The order of magnitude is $\delta V = 15$ $km.s^{-1}$ for two months, with a maximum value of $\delta V = 60$ $km.s^{-1}$ for 6 months
• the source velocity. Typical value is $\delta V = 60$ $km.s^{-1}$ for galactic objects.

Accordingly, the following frequency and velocity differences are induced at 95 GHz USB (harmonic number 50) in the three cases :

• Earth rotation : maximum $\delta F_I = 0.002$ $MHz, \delta V_I = 0.007$ $km.s^{-1}$
• Earth orbit : typical $\delta F_I = 0.035$ $MHz, \delta V_I = 0.11$ $km.s^{-1}$,
  maximum $\delta F_I = 0.14$ $MHz, \delta V_I = 0.45$ $km.s^{-1}$
• Source to source : $\delta F = 0.14$ $MHz$

Note that the frequency shifts do not depend on the observing frequency.